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Coal and Petroleum Class 8 Science Short Notes


This post covers the short notes of Class 8 Science Chapter 3 Coal and Petroleum, in a simple and engaging way. Also identify the most important Coal and Petroleum question answers, to make it easy for students to understand and learn the concept.

Let's check the important points and details of this chapter:

1. Natural Resources and Its Types


Definition: Resources that are obtained from nature and used by humans for various purposes are called natural resources.

• Inexhaustible Resources: Unlimited quantity, like sunlight and air.

• Exhaustible Resources: Limited in quantity, can run out by human usage, like minerals, coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

2. Coal


• Formation: Millions of years ago, dead plants or forests buried under the earth due to natural process like flooding. Due to high pressure and temperature, these remains turned into coal.

Types of coal:

• Peat: It is a soil-like substance, that has low carbon content.

• Lignite: higher carbon content, brown coal.

• Bituminous: commonly used, good quality coal.

• Anthracite: highest carbon content, best quality.

Uses of Coal:

• Fuel for cooking and heating.
• In thermal power plants to produce electricity.
• As a raw material in industries to make coke, coal tar, and coal gas.

3. Petroleum


• Formation: Petroleum is formed from dead sea organisms, that are buried at the sea bottom and covered with sand and clay. Over millions of years, heat and pressure turned these remains into petroleum.

• Petroleum Refining: The process of separating crude oil into useful products like petrol, diesel, kerosene, and more through distillation.

Uses of Petroleum Products:

• Petrol and Diesel: Used as fuel for vehicles.

• Kerosene: Used for cooking and lighting.

• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): Used as cooking gas.

• Paraffin wax: used in making candles, ointments, etc.

4. Natural Gas


• What is Natural Gas?: A fossil fuel found deep inside the earth, usually above petroleum deposits.

Uses:

• Used as a domestic fuel (CNG for vehicles).
• In industries as a clean fuel.
• To generate electricity in power plants.

5. Conservation of Fossil Fuels


Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are limited natural resources and take millions of years to form. If we use them carelessly, they will run out very soon. We can conserve it for long time by following way:

• Use public transport instead of private vehicles.
• Save electricity by turning off lights when not needed.
• Use renewable energy sources like solar and wind power.

Coal and Petroleum Class 8 Questions and Answers



Q 1. Name the purest form of carbon?
Ans. Diamond.
Q 2. Where bitumen is used?
Ans. For making roads.
Q 3. Coal tar is a mixture of?
Ans. Various substances.
Q 4. Name the almost pure form of carbon?
Ans. Coke.

Q 5. Full form of CNG?
Ans. Compressed Natural Gas.
Q 6. Where was the India's first oil well drilled in 1867?
Ans. Makum, Assam.
Q 7. Where was the world 's first oil well drilled in 1859?
Ans. Pennsylvania, USA.
Q 8. Name the purest form of coal?
Ans. Anthracite.
Q 9. Full form of PCRA?
Ans. Petroleum Conservation Research Associations.
Q 10. What is the temperature at which destructive distillation is done?
Ans. 1000°C.
Q 11. Name the least polluting fuel for vehicles?
Ans. CNG.
Q 12. Name the process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called?
Ans. Refining.

Q 13. Examples of renewable sources of energy?
Ans. Air, Water and Solar.
Q 14. Coal tar contains?
Ans. 200 substance.
Q 15. Water is a?
Ans. Natural Resource.
Q 16. Examples of fossils fuels?
Ans. 1.Coal
2.Pertroleum
3.Natural gas.
Q 17. Name the petroleum product used fir surfacing of roads?
Ans. Bitumen.
Q 18. Name the material which obtained from coal tar?
Ans. Naphthalene balls.
Q 19. When coal burns in air it formed?
Ans. Carbon dioxide.
Q 20. Name the slow process of conversion of dead vegetation into coal is called?
Ans. Carbonisation.

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